Hannah Whyte

Religion

Mr. Borst

End Of Year Paper

            What happens to those who die before they discover any religion? This question is one of the most intriguing and difficult to answer, and scholars have puzzled over it for centauries with varying responses.  Babies of are particular interest, because they seem to be the single best-represented form of humans; untainted by the philosophy of others, they remain “pure”.

 To answer this question, we must look at a variety of responses. The Muslim community strongly holds the viewpoint that any child, without outside influence, will naturally turn Muslim. Muslims seem to be unique in this viewpoint, as other religions are vaguer in their stance. A question I would like to ask a Muslim is how they came to this conclusion. To my knowledge, any feral child discovered has not proven themselves to be Muslim in nature. And another thing which is puzzling; how could this child be basically Muslim if they have never been taught any of the Five Pillars of Islam, which are so essential to the Muslim faith? Finally, are the Muslims who hold this viewpoint somewhat like the Christian version of Anonymous Christians?

           

            Hindus would seem to believe that the baby will continue on as normal in the world, as it will only be a reincarnated form of Atman, or the soul, bent on achieving moksha- a release from reincarnation. So, in a sense, to Hindus it doesn’t matter how the baby is raised, because if the universe is set up in a balance of Karma things will even out in the end. However, one might wonder how this baby is supposed to follow dharma- the way or law of Hindus.

            Finally, a Christian perspective. It seems as if there would be different schools of thought on this. A Reformed Christian would point to TULIP, especially the L of limited atonement. If God has pre-ordained certain individuals, than it doesn’t matter the environment in which they are born because they will ultimately go to heaven. And if a baby dies before it has the chance to accept Jesus Christ into their lives, God already knows whether they ultimately would or wouldn’t have done so and can judge them accordingly. 

The problem with this theology comes from the fact that it basically elimiates free will. What is the point in living any longer and carrying on with our lives if God already knows the end result? However, there is something to this theory in that it does give one a certain ammount of security in knowing that we don’t have to worry about our salvation. An Armeniest might constantly be worrying about this, but have faith that they ultimately decide whether or not to reject God. Some might wonder if the calvinist viewpoint ultimately says that God makes certain people whom he’s already decided to reject.

In the early 1900s an experiment was done which would later be referred to as the ‘Forbidden Experiment.’ Several infant children were raised without human contact to see what the natural language of humans would be. The nurses who cared for them were simply instructed to feed them, but they were not allowed to coddle, hold, or comfort the children. The results of this experiment were unable to be found, however, because all of the children died.

I was unable to find the name of the scientist or doctor who preformed this, or even the country in which it was preformed. However, since that time several experiments have been done on animals with similar results.

Advanced Composition

Mrs. M.

May 14, 2007

Millicent Brown lived in an old white clapboard house on the corner of Dawes and Brown. In fact, Brown Street had been named after her great-great-great grandfather, James Matthias Brown, who had founded their hometown. The house, too, had been his, and looked as such. Dilapidated with paint peeling off the walls and a screen door that could be heard creaking a mile away, it was the eyesore of the whole town. Cats seemed to grow up like weeds and could constantly be found crawling through the broken-glass windows and creeping out from under the bushes. The neighbors were just itching for a chance to clean up her sad plot of land as some sort of community project, but Millicent would have none of it. As a last remaining relative of a long, long line of Browns, she saw the house as a historic landmark and was determined to keep it in its original condition.

The cats, however, were another matter. She had lost count after 37, and knew they had at least tripled in amount since that time. If truth were to be known, Millicent hated cats. Yet these creatures seemed to have been around even before her time, and since Millicent was so keen on keeping things ‘historically accurate’, she felt it would be against her nature to get rid of them.

One day, however, a seemingly small event occurred that completely changed her mindset- forever. Things started off normally enough. Millicent arose at 5:43 AM sharp and hobbled down the stairs to fix for herself the same breakfast that she had eaten every single day of her life. On the table she carefully arranged a glass of orange juice, butter and bread. She deftly dropped the bread in the toaster, waited a few minutes and popped the bread back out again. She sat down carefully and realized something monumental; she had forgotten a knife! Because she had lost so much time in making this crucial error, she began buttering the toast on the way back to the table. All of the sudden, one of the cats darted out from under the kitchen sink and ran straight into little old Millicent with such a force that she lost her balance and the toast fell out of her hands! Not only had it landed butter-side down, but it had landed exactly on a splotch of wood that one of the cats had apparently used as a make-shift litter box.

It was not a very good day for Millicent. By the time she returned home that evening, she was determined to get rid of the cats. However, she couldn’t just bring them to the Humane Society or the pound- in the first place, she had too many. And secondly, Millicent wanted to be creative. This was the first time in her life that she could ever remember having an urge to do something unconventional, and in fact, she wasn’t quite sure how to go about being that type of person. She spent hours and hours researching at the library where she volunteered every Thursday, learning as much as she could about cats and their habits. She discovered the purpose of whiskers (that they were as long as the widest part of the cat, and without them, a cat wouldn’t know its dimensions and either fall over or try and fit through places it couldn’t) and the reason why cats had such rough tongues (it was actually rough barbs which they used to eat). Although this information was interesting, Millicent didn’t care to track down each and every cat and chop off all their whiskers and tongues. Besides, she needed a course of action that would bring about certain death, without any hope of recovery on the part of the cat. No, she decided. She needed an idea with spark, with spunk, with personality. She needed an idea that would make history! This was in keeping with her life goal, after all; to keep history alive! Some might see this as an oxymoron, but Millicent saw it has her destiny.

Finally, during an extremely late-night cram session that Millicent allowed herself, an idea came to her. She glanced over at the clock. It was already 9:57 PM! Millicent couldn’t believe she had stayed up so late. Quickly she jotted down her plan and scampered off to bed. Lying in bed that night, she began to have a few doubts, and wondered how people would react to her controversial plan of action. It was true that her well-meaning neighbors had been practically foaming at the mouth, begging for the opportunity to clean her and her cats out. But killing? That was quite another matter altogether.

Millicent decided to survey people and see their reactions. She started right away the next morning with her young gardener. He had some sort of new-fangled name and she was never quite sure what it was. “Suspender! Yoo-hoo! Suspender!” The boy looked up from where he was yanking out a pile of weeds and paused a moment, a questioning look on his face.

“Yes, Ms. Brown?”

Millicent stepped tentatively out from her front door and onto the porch. “I was just wondering…” she started. “Well, you see, it’s like this. My… er…” Now here she had to pause. She was about to say ‘granddaughter’, but as Millicent had never married it was obvious such a girl did not exist. Now that she was actually in the process of these interviews, Millicent panicked. She had no idea what she was saying or getting herself into! How was she supposed to ask this sort of question? She took a breath and quickly spat out, “Some kids were just asking me, and I thought it was rather funny, but I kind of wondered too, and well, being a kid yourself, I thought you might wonder, or maybe you know, but anyway…”

What was she doing? She was the calm, collected adult! And here she was, panicking in front of a teenage boy! This was ridiculous! Chiding herself for acting like such a fool, she took a deep breath and slowly asked, “If toast always lands butter-side down, and cats always land on their feet… what would happen if you strapped toast to a cats back and shoved it off a ten-story building?”

The boy stared at her a moment, and then looked down the street, as if answer would come rumbling down the street with the mail truck. Finally he turned back to Millicent and said, “You know, ma’am, I’ve been thinking a lot about destiny lately.” Funny, Millicent thought. So had she. The boy continued, “We all seem to be on a course that we can’t alter. And anyway, I think if you…” he trailed off after seeing the deep frown on Mrs. Brown’s face. “Or, someone was to try this, they will spin off into eternity.”

Well, this certainly wasn’t the answer Millicent was expecting to hear. However, she was trying to get a wide range of opinions after all, and it wouldn’t hurt to have a few odd ones thrown in. She continued on her walk down the main street of her small hometown, which was appropriately named Main Street. Ambling along, she passed many possible canidates, but no one really seemed to jump out at her… until she ran into an old colleague. Literally. Millicent knocked into Kristin VanEyk with such a force that poor old Kristin spilled her morning cup of coffee all over her white dress. Millicent reminisced fondly with Kristin about their days of teaching together for a few minutes, and then got up the nerve to ask the important question. Kristin pondered for a minute, and then said in her scratchy old voice; “Well, obviously, the cat will eat the bread half-way through freefall. I mean, its going to die anyway, it might as well enjoy it, right? So the cat will eat the bread, and then splatter its legs all over the ground. Basically, you won’t be able to tell which way the cat really landed. In fact, you might even be able to find the bread again.” Millicent thanked Kristin and went on her way down Main Street.

By this time she found herself somewhat hungry and slipped into Candice’s Candy Shop for a treat. Candice was behind the counter, her usual smiling self. Millicent figured that Candice would certainly know the answer, being a twentysomething and therefore the perfect combination of ages that Millicent had asked thus far. “Candice, what do you think will happen?” By this time Millicent had become quite emboldened. Candice served a few customers, and finally turned back to Millicent. “You know what? I think the toast will rip in two. Both sides are gonna land face down. And then! The cat will break its legs… and lose at least one of its nine lives.”

Oh, rats! Millicent had forgotten about the nine lives. Obviously, she would not be able to kill each of the 58 cats (she had finally gotten around to counting them this morning) nine times. That would equal to 522 deaths! Millicent drudged drearily home, her head down and her feet scuffing the sidewalk. She had been so sure that this experiment would work! Another thought hit her as she made her way home; there were no ten-story buildings in main street. Sadly, she let herself in her front door and padded upstairs to her room, where she went to bed early.

The neighbors found her a week later, with thirty loaves of bread piled in boxes around her room. She had died in her sleep, and the cats were never seen again. It was clear from all who had witnessed the previous days events that cats were almost immortal, and absolutely no harm would come to them by old Ms. Brown’s schemes.

There are so many bad puns that could be made out of this tradgedy, yet since it is such (a tradgedy) I’ve refrained. But please notice the distrubing irony in the strip club’s name.

Yesterday around 3 AM, a racy show at Moscow’s 911 Strip Club went tragically awry. There are mixed reports of exactly what happened, but the press reported that the barman tipped burning alcohol all over himself, and that this reacted with a 5 liter container of ethanol which caused a huge fireball. 6 people were killed and over a hundred fled for their lives; a few were taken to the hospital and treated for burns.

I debated about whether or not to even use this article because I wondered if it would be too inappropriate, but in a way I think that is the main point of bringing this news to light. This is the kind of behavior that shows the ugly side of humans, and the consequences their actions can lead to. The article points out how Moscow especially has gotten a bad reputation for its wild partying. After the fall of the Soviet Union, government safety ratings have been pretty non-existent and many buisnesses can get away with almost anything via bribes, etc.

Apparently this is the fourth big accident thats occured in Russia in just nine days. 187 people have died in a series of tradgedies which “…highlighted lax attitudes towards safety regulations,” the article states. And last year, over 17,000 people were killed by fires.

I found this article easy to read and informative, albeit sad. Although it wasn’t written from a Christian perspective, you could easily turn it into one by explaining how this showed man’s total depravity.

I’ll be up-front and honest; I had no idea what a ’snowpack’ was while reading this article. This would be my first and obvious critique; I find it hard to believe that I’m one of the only readers who was in the dark. I mean, when you hear ’snowpack’, what comes to your mind? “An area of naturally formed, packed snow that usually melts during the warmer months,” OF COURSE!! Duh. (Er… maybe not. I mean, I still think ‘a backpack for cooler climates’ is a completely reasonable guess.) If you go here you can get dictionary.com’s definition, as well as hear the pronounciation in a creepy male voice. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/snowpack

But moving on. According to Eric’s blog at realclimate.org, the Pacific Northwest snowpack has declined. He’s not the only one. Even the mayor of Seattle wrote an op-ed article in the city’s paper, stating “The average snowpack in the Cascades has declined 50 percent since 1950 and will be cut in half again in 30 years if we don’t start addressing the problems of climate change now. That snow not only provides our drinking water, it powers the hydroelectric dams that keep our lights on.”

At least the good people of Seattle are no longer in denial. One wonders what it will take for the rest of the world to get up and start reacting?! The rest of the article really didn’t have much to add, only (once again) reviewing the controversy and then giving the author’s 3 “emphatic reasons”.

Good writing, even if the topic is a bit stale. And he could have defined ’snowpack’ as well.

At the age of 21, Lisa Bufano lost half of each leg and all her fingers due to a staph infection that ravaged her body. Yet she managed to turn this cripling illness into an art form. She choreographed with Heidi Letsky a dance routine which apparently is very symbolic of her trials, and preformed it for a packed house in New York.

As the editorialist describes, in her dances she “use(s) music, props, prosthetics and illusion to explore the idea of deformity”. A few months ago she got the grant to preform in New York. Her routine is entitled “Five Open Mouths”, which alludes to the five vacant spots where her fingers used to be.

I can’t be objective anymore; that title creeps me out. I’m pretty sure its terribly wicked of me to say, but I really didn’t enjoy watching her dance routine. However, I am impressed that she’s turned to this medium to help herself cope and ‘explore’ her disability. I think its because this kind of disability is so foreign to me that I just reject it, which is definitely a character flaw. Perhaps if I replay this dance contstantly, over and over again, I will become unaffected by it. Or maybe thats the whole point of her dance- to make people uncomfortable so that they begin to think critically.

As far as literary style, the article was just ok. I rank it as only “ok”, because lately I’ve gotten really sick of the style of writing I see EVERYWHERE… How they lead you in, and then give you a little background, then give you more of what the article is actually supposed to be about… then go back to the background… ergh! I just get sick of it jumping around so much. I know this is crazy, that this style of writing is supposed to be “professional” and whatnot, but I’m sick of it!!

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7728628

The President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf, suspended the cheif judge of the Supreme Court recently. He claimed that Iftikhar Muhammad had abused his position in office, but his critics say that the President is trying to “muzzle the judiciary in an election year”. In protest, a number of judges recently resigned- five, to be exact. Four were from Karachi and another from the nearby town of Pannoaqil.

The government went a step further and even banned a public TV channel, Geo TV. They apologized to the station after raiding and ransacking its building. Since then they have lifted the ban. One wonders, however, how well (or willing) the station will be able to broadcast after having its headquarters totally destroyed. The article states that, ”…the ban was part of government moves against the media for their coverage of the protests against the suspension of Mr Chaudhry.”

This article was somewhat brief, but in its one page it already managed to confuse me. In a way I think that was beneficial because I actually had to read carefully, yet as a news source I wish there was some way they could make their stories more… snappier? Also I had to infer for myself about Geo TV’s capabilities to continue their broadcasting. From reading the article one might have thought that things went on completely as normal. Yet I tend to think that it must be even more difficult for this news station; not only have they been cut down for trying to speak the truth, but they have had all their equipment smashed. There has to be some degree of an emotional hurdle to move on after this.

You can find this article at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6466331.stm

Same thing that happened on Ally’s site is happening with me to you, Katie! I don’t know whats going on but I am not happy about it.

It is kind of sad to see American schools doing poorly, especially when you think about how hard kids from other countries have to work just to get a decent job. The No Child Left Behind Act doesn’t seem to be a very good incentive; in fact, it seems to be doing more harm than good! I hope our nation figures out a solution soon! I’m really greatful that we get to go to such a great school as GRCH. I know I for one take it for granted a lot, but if you think about it, we’re really lucky. Sometimes the competition that goes on isn’t good, but on the other hand, at least our students really want to do well!

…because it won’t let me comment on your site!!

Agh!!! I had this whole comment typed out, and then wordpress deleted it all!!!! Sorry this one won’t be quite so profound.
I completely agree with you Ally! But even beyond a lack of trust, I think it shows that the real problem is a lack of parenting. I don’t think I’ve ever felt the need to lie to my mom about where I’m going. She generally knows where I am and trusts me that I’m not doing something I shouldn’t. I’ve earned this responsibility, I didn’t come by it by her tracking my every move on a GPS system. Also, its kind of annoying to see little kids talking on their cell phones. My little sister already has the most rediculous conversations with her friends on our home phone (“My doggie just like, totally went to sleep. Oh just kidding, he woke up! He is sooooo cute!”) I really don’t want to know what it would be like if she had her own cell.

Usually this term (by which I mean the title) is derogatory in meaning, but in this case it can be applied to one of my only modern day heroes; Benjamin Carson.

He grew up in the Detroit suburbs and experienced lots of poverty. His mom married his dad when she was only 13, but soon discovered he had another family and so divorced him. She worked hard to provide for her two boys, and insisted that they watch only a minimal amount of TV. She had them submit to her “book reports” which she would highlight and mark up with a red pen. It wasn’t until later in life that the boys realized these markings were completely meaningless; she was illiterate. Because she had only a 3rd grade education, she realized firsthand how important it was to do well in school in order to go far in life.

Her little boy Benjamin sure did go far. He became the director for pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, where he specializes in separating conjoined twins and preforming brain surgeries to control seizures. (Wow.) I’m guessing you all have heard of him before. I read both his autobiographies (Think Big and Gifted Hands) by middle school and went to hear him speak- twice. Once at the Devos Place and again at Fountain Street Church. He still hasn’t lost his inspiring message in this NPR segment. Even though I’m pretty sure I won’t be a neurosurgeon or a straight-A student, I know that working hard in school is important and its great to hear people such as Benjamin Carson remind you of this.

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4950531

Wow I need to stop with the song references…

Anyway, I know practically nothing about European politics, but I found this article on BBC about Chancellor Gordon Brown. He is pushing the government to set new European Union standards on carbon dioxide emissions. The group who is hosting his impending lecture is criticising the conservatives for being more radical than their own government, citing their plan for aviation taxes. So because the conservatives are kind of split over this environmental issue, Chancellor Brown says they are incapable of leadership. He states, “Let us also be clear: only a government fully committed to the UK’s role in Europe can show such leadership.”

This Tuesday the government is expected to launch its cleverly-titled Climate Change Bill, which is expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 50% by the year 2050. (We’ll be 60 years old!)

I think its interesting to see how other governments are concerned about these emissions and making a change. It seems like the British government is way ahead of ours; not only have they acknowledgedthat global warming exists, but are taking proactive steps to do something about it. It frustrates me that our government still seems to be in denial.

I chose this article because I’m still trying to figure out what do do about my research topic. I found it confusing though, and not very helpful. I can’t criticise the author for excluding non-Brits, because it waswritten for the BBC and so I guess its kind of a given that his readers understand his terminology. I, on the other hand, do not. (Chancellor, Tories…??) So in giving my analysis I’ll have to overlook that aspect. But still I found it difficult to read because his article kind of jumped back and forth and I still am not completely sure what side Chancellor Brown is on.

You can puzzle over it yourself at:

http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6440245.stm